ABCDE’s of Skin Cancer

Melanoma is a serious condition that can metastasize to other areas of the body, making early detection and treatment crucial for effective management. Understanding the ABCDEs of melanoma can help you identify potential issues early, when they are most treatable. During your monthly skin self exam, keep an eye out for changes in moles and other skin lesions. According to the American Academy of Dermatology, about half of all skin cancers are self-detected. If you notice any of these warning signs, it’s important to schedule an appointment with your dermatology provider.

Asymmetry: If you divide a lesion in half and the two sides don’t mirror each other, it may be asymmetrical, indicating a potential problem.

Borders: Look for irregular, notched, scalloped, or blurred borders around the mole or lesion.

Color: Moles that feature a mix of colors—such as different shades of brown, dark black, or spots of red, blue, or white—may indicate an issue.

Diameter: Any mole larger than a pencil eraser (greater than 1/4 inch or 6 mm) should raise concerns and be examined further.

Evolving: This is the most critical sign. If a mole changes in shape, size, color, or elevation, or develops new symptoms like bleeding, itching, or crusting, it warrants immediate attention.

When performing your self exam, inspect your entire body, including your face, ears, chest, and back. Don’t forget to check under your arms, forearms, palms, and fingers, as skin cancer can also develop beneath nails. Pay special attention to your legs, feet, and the soles, as well as areas like your back, neck, and buttocks—using a mirror for hard-to-see spots.

Dr. Michelle Pennie, fellowship-trained Mohs surgeon and founder of Bliss Dermatology, recommends annual skin exams performed by a board-certified dermatological provider to catch any signs of skin cancer early. By being proactive and aware of these warning signs, you can take crucial steps toward protecting your skin health.